Triple-negative breast cancer: therapeutic strategies

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (sometimes abbreviated TNBC) refers to any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or Her2/neu, detected in 8- 20% of cases, the most aggressive with a poor prognosis.. Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent tumor worldwide. In 2016, 1,380,000 new cases and 458,000 deaths for BC were reported worldwide, of which there were 332,000 new cases and 79,000 deaths in Asia. Although the improvement in early diagnosis and adjuvant therapy has reduced mortality, BC is still the main cause of death for cancer in women both in industrialized and in developing countries. In Uzbekistan, BC is the most frequent tumor in women (47%), with about 17,000 new cases diagnosed in 2016. BC is a heterogeneous disease, and therefore, a “golden standard” treatment, suitable for all the molecular types of cancer, is not available. The most important biological markers, not only for classification of BC but also for, the therapeutic strategy are the hormonal receptors (estrogen (ER] and progesterone (PgR] receptor) and the HER2 receptor status. This article provides a literature review in terms of perceptions of prevalence, etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and prognoses of triple negative breast cancer.