Modern methods of diagnostics of bronchial asthma in children

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of children. According to epidemiological studies, from 15 to 25% of the child population suffers from allergic diseases. . Purpose of work — study of the validity of spirometry and body plethysmography methods for assessing the functional state of the bronchopulmonary system in children with bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. We observed 220 children with BA aged 2 to 16 years. Depending on the severity of the course, all children were divided into two groups: 140 children with intermittent, 80 children with a mild persistent course of the disease. The control group consisted of 23 practically healthy children of the same age. Boys prevailed among the examined children - 56.3%.Results and discussion. In all children with BA, difficulty in breathing occurred mainly at night. In addition, 82.3% of children often had seizure equivalents (feeling short of breath, dry paroxysmal cough), which were repeated 1-3 times a month, lasting from 5-10 minutes, difficulty breathing stopped on its own or after a single use of bronchodilators. A feature of the course of asthma in children living in industrial regions was that a change of scenery contributed to a more rapid relief of the symptoms of the disease. During exacerbation of the disease in children with intermittent course of bronchial asthma, the condition of the patients remained mostly satisfactory. They complained of shortness of breath, lack of air, dry cough. Conclusion. The observed patients showed signs of atopy and polyvalent sensitization of the body. Exacerbations of the disease in patients could be caused by exposure to adverse environmental factors. Shifts in clinical and laboratory parameters and parameters of immunological reactivity in patients depended to a certain extent on the severity of the course of the disease.