INVOLVEMENT OF THE LUNGS IN THE HEMOSTATIC SYSTEM AND ITS DISORDERS IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Abstract

The lungs perform not only a respiratory function, but also participate in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Nonе дыхательным функцєям-respiratory functions of the lungs include:protective (90% of90% aeropollutants are neutralized in the lungsby pulmonaryslugs,immunoglobulins and alveolar macrophages), filtration (purificationofенєе bloodand mechanical impurities), фєбрєнолєтєческаяfibrinolytic and anticoagulant (maintenance of hemostasis), participation in lipid metabolism (лlipolysis of fats, blood), сєнтеѓ surfactantsynthesisп, water balance maintenance (removal of up to 500 ml of water per day with exhaled air),hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis (exchange of serotonin, histamine, angiotensin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine), detoxification (neutralization of xenobiotics),hemodynamic (blood reservoir, shunt between the right and left sides halves of the heart), t-thermoregulation, b-suction (andthe inhalation route of drugadministration), c-secretory (isolation fromerosive mucosalого secreta), and others. The synthetic function consists in the synthesis , of heparin, phospholipidsincluded in the surfactant, activation of angiotensin I, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. In the microcirculatory bed of the lungs, kinins, angiotensin-1, prostaglandins, serotonin, and catecholamines are metabolized, and this function depends on the blood flow rate and the microcirculatory units included in the enzymatic function. When venous blood passes through the lungs, about 80% of bradykinin, 60-98% of serotonin, 40% of norepinephrine, a significant amount of acetylcholine, up to 60%of endo - and exogenous kallikrein are inactivated, protecting the body from endogenous intoxication and from the action of vasoactive substances, whileaminalin, dopamineамєн and isoproterenol do not change.