Modern approach to pathogenetic traits of the osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a pathological lesion of the joints, characterized by structural changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as clearly or imperceptibly moderate synovitis. Osteoarthritis is an urgent medical and social problem for most countries of the world due to its high prevalence, which reaches about 25% of the population. This disease is most common among women and is one of the causes of reduced work capacity and increased disability. The article discusses the relationship between cytokines and markers of endothelial dysfunction and nonspecific immune reactivity, the main mechanisms of the development of degenerative-dystrophic and inflammatory processes at the microcirculatory level, since microcirculatory imbalance is one of the main mechanisms in joint diseases. The study of cytokine networks and changes in their structure, analysis of correlations between changes in cytokine concentrations relative to each other, as well as in combination with other factors directly actualized in the process of diagnosing and treating a patient, is a promising area of modern medicine. In osteoarthritis, endothelial dysfunction is a component of microcirculatory disorders. Desquamated endothelial cells and vasculoendothelial growth factor are the main indicators of damage to the microvasculature. Under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, homeostasis in the microcirculatory link is destabilized. A necessary element in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis is the detection of an early marker - monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).