Pathological blood changes in systemic lupus erytrematosis

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (M32 according to ICD-10) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which is based on a genetically determined violation of immune regulation, which determines the formation of specific antibodies to antigens of cell nuclei and immune complexes with the development of immune inflammation in the tissues of many organs [1,3 ,5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 16]. Hematological parameters are of great importance in the diagnosis of SLE, especially in determining its activity and the risk of progression. The hematological manifestations observed in SLE can be represented by both true autoimmune phenomena of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA), leukopenia (LP), and thrombocytopenia (TP), as well as cytopenic syndromes associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Currently, it is known that hematological manifestations vary significantly in severity and often do not require specific treatment, with the exception of severe cytopenia, refractory to glucocorticoids (GC) [3,11,15]; at the same time, their significance as possible predictors of the further course of SLE has not been sufficiently studied. One of the causes of anemia in SLE is anemia of chronic diseases (ACD), the cause of which is considered to be a disorders of iron metabolism in the macrophage system under the influence of inflammatory cytokines [2,4,5,8,9]. This type of anemia in SLE is much less studied, although the frequency of ACD in SLE varies from 11.9% to 37.1%. [1,3,5,6,7]. There is practically no information about the existence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in SLE, although this type of anemic syndrome can occur in these patients as well as in the general population. In single studies, it is indicated that changes in the level of serum ferritin and the content of bone marrow sideroblasts are practically not informative in the diagnosis of this type of anemia (Lila A.M., 2017).