Abstract:
Before treating the patient it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of the
disease and to determine its aetiology, i.e. the causes of the disease. The doctor
must know well the pathogenesis of any disease, i.e. the way and mechanism of
its development, as well as the symptoms by which it can be revealed.
On physical examination the doctor finds out the exact region in which the
patient feels pain. On physical examination the doctor can differentiate between
strange, rare and particular symptoms and common symptoms.
A number of different procedures is used to establish a diagnosis : history-
taking , physical examination , which includes visual examination , palpation ,
percussion , auscultation , laboratory studies , consisting of urinalysis , blood ,
sputum and other analyses ; instrumental studies , for example , taking
electrocardiograms or cystoscopy , X-ray examination and others.
